In the late 1990s, the internet industry resembled a true “gold rush” era. Investors, journalists, and entrepreneurs believed that this technology would radically change commerce, mass media, and even everyday life. And they were not mistaken.
But they made a mistake in one crucial aspect: they thought that this revolution would happen immediately. It was precisely this misconception that led to one of the biggest collapses in modern economic history – the bursting of the dot-com bubble.
What was the dot-com bubble?
Between 1995 and 2000, confidence in internet companies in the US was excessively high. If your startup’s name ended with .”com,” investors would immediately buy your shares, even if you didn’t have a working product, profit, or a clear business model.
Pets.com, eToys, Webvan received millions of dollars in investments with promises to “revolutionize” traditional industries. Their shares rose sharply. The technology-specialized stock market index – Nasdaq – was around 1,000 points in 1995 and exceeded 5,000 points in early 2000.
However, this short-lived ascent quickly collided with reality. Most startups were spending more than they were earning. Investors were spending their money but not creating sustainable businesses. Panic began to spread among investors who realized that many companies would never turn a profit.
In March 2000, a decline began, and within two years, the Nasdaq plummeted by almost 80%. Trillions of dollars vanished, and by 2002, more than half of internet startups had gone bankrupt. Hundreds of companies closed, thousands lost their jobs – and with that, the “bubble” burst.
Why did this happen?
The dot-com bubble arose from a mixture of excessive excitement, misconceptions, and easy money. In the late 1990s, the internet was still a new and mysterious technology. Many believed it to be the future and tried not to miss the opportunity. Investors, however, were ready to invest in any .”com” project, regardless of whether the company was stable or not.
Startup founders claimed they would “revolutionize” industries, but they often had nothing but a vague idea and an attractive website. Financial fundamentals – revenue, profit, or sustainable business model – were disregarded. “If we attract millions of users, we’ll find some way to make money” became the prevailing mindset. Growth became the sole criterion.
Moreover, financing was incredibly easy. Venture capital firms would invest in any startup without asking tough questions. The stock prices of Internet companies were rising so rapidly that even experienced investors joined the frenzy. Many, seeing these companies quickly launch IPOs and make their founders rich, invested with the thought, “I don’t want to miss out either.” This was a classic case of FOMO – fear of missing out on an opportunity.
However, a business without a solid foundation doesn’t go far. After several companies collapsed, market confidence also crumbled. Share prices plummeted, and the sensational “technological revolution” came to an abrupt end in the blink of an eye.
What can founders learn from this?
The dot-com bubble isn’t just history – it’s an important lesson for today’s startup founders. One of the biggest mistakes back then was thinking that attention equaled success. Startups were known not for the products they built, but for the media hype and rapidly growing user numbers. However, when the pressure mounted, these figures couldn’t save them.
The primary lesson for startup founders is to create real solutions and value for users and the market. A startup must solve a genuine problem and create a product that people are truly willing to pay for. Hype may attract temporary investors, but a sustainable business retains them for the long term.
Another important aspect is thinking about revenue early on. During the dot-com era, many founders postponed monetization, believing that “as the user base grows, profits will follow naturally.” This approach didn’t work. Today’s founders need to understand how money flows through their business not only in the future but also in the present. Even if you’re building a long-term product, knowing how to generate and manage money from the very beginning ensures resilience.
Another lesson – relying solely on external capital is risky. When the market is generous, there’s a feeling that funding will always be available. However, as seen in 2000 and 2022, if investor confidence declines, startups relying solely on funding will collapse. Founders need to be prepared for market changes, control expenses, and work with a small, resilient team.
And finally – lessons of patience and discipline. Companies that survived the dot-com crash, such as Amazon, were not the loudest or fastest-growing ones. They were companies with clear goals, long-term strategies, and the ability to grow cautiously even during difficult times. They viewed business as a marathon, not a sprint.
In short, the dot-com bubble reminds us that a good idea alone is not enough. Implementing it, choosing the right timing, maintaining financial discipline, and creating true value – these are the factors that distinguish long-lasting startups from those that quickly disappear.
Conclusion
The dot-com bubble demonstrates not that the internet was a bad idea, but that it was approached incorrectly. Technology does indeed change the world – but this process happens slowly, consistently, and based on real value.
Today, the field of artificial intelligence is facing a similar situation. Every day, new “AI-powered” startups are emerging – sometimes it’s unclear what lies behind this term. Investors are once again pouring large sums of money into unknown projects
For this reason, understanding the dot-com crisis is not just a history lesson, but a warning for today. If you are a founder in today’s world, especially if you’re working with AI, you have a responsibility to create with a clear purpose, understandable plans, and real impact. Technology may evolve, but business rules remain unchanged.
Learn from the past. Simply following trends is not enough. Because in every technological revolution, the survivors are not those who make the most noise, but those who quietly endure for the long haul.
Prepared by Navruzakhon Burieva
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